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APP_16 — Emergency Preparedness & Response Matrix

Document Information

Field Value
Document Reference APP_16
Issue Number 3
Issue Date 1 June 2026
Next Review 1 June 2027
Controlled By Sean Ashton (HSQE Consultant)
Approved By Aaron Mason, Director

Download the register

The page below is the canonical record. The Excel is the same data as a downloadable snapshot — 12-scenario Response Matrix, Testing Programme records (2025-26), Performance Summary and emergency contacts.

Download APPL_16 (.xlsx)

Related: APP_07 Hazard Identification · APP_17 Disaster Recovery & BCP · APP_18 Emergency Equipment

Two-tier emergency model

AMWS uses a two-tier response model across this appendix and APP_17 BCP:

  • Tier 1 — Incident Response (this document, APP_16): minutes-to-hours — immediate safety actions, named lead, equipment, communication chain. See the Response Matrix below.
  • Tier 2 — Business Continuity (APP_17 BCP): hours-to-days/weeks — recovery of critical business functions if the incident is prolonged.

The same incident may run through both tiers. The Scenario Mapping table at the foot of Section 3 shows which APP_16 scenarios escalate to APP_17 and the triggers.

1. Purpose

This appendix sets out how AMWS responds to foreseeable emergencies during water-infrastructure operations and at the Northampton headquarters. It pairs an explicit Response Matrix (Section 3) with an evidenced Testing Programme (Section 4) so the auditor can see both readiness and competence.

2. Scope

Emergency scenarios across:

  • Water main installation, service connection and Self-Lay (SLP) work
  • Grab-hire operations and highway working
  • Operative welfare (medical, lone-worker, fatigue, environmental exposure)
  • Office-based incidents at Northampton headquarters
  • Cyber and information-security incidents [NEW 2026]
  • Extreme-weather and climate-driven disruption (escalation to APP_17 BCP)

3. Response Matrix — 12 scenarios

Each scenario carries a named Lead role, Immediate Actions, Equipment and Communication Chain plus cross-references back into the rest of the IMS. Cyber [NEW 2026] and Extreme Weather [UPDATED 2026] reflect the 2026 risk environment (DUAA 2025 / NIS2 alignment; ISO 14001:2026 climate-context provisions).

Ref Scenario Trigger Immediate Actions Lead Support Equipment Communication Chain Cross-references
ER-01 Service strike (water / gas / electric / telecoms) Tool / excavator hits buried utility 1. STOP work, evacuate excavation, isolate area
2. Make safe (no smoking near gas; no contact if electric)
3. Call utility emergency number
4. Call 999 if injury / gas escape / fire risk
5. Report internally via WhatsApp
Jason May Operative crew First aid kit, spill kit, fire extinguisher (van pack), gas-monitor if confined-space-adjacent Utility emergency line → 999 if escalation → Aaron Mason → client framework manager APP_07 HO-12, APP_06 Ref 3, SOP 8.13
ER-02 Excavation collapse / confined-space emergency Trench wall failure, collapse, person trapped 1. DO NOT enter the collapse / confined space
2. Call 999 immediately — Fire & Rescue
3. Cordon area, control access
4. If person responsive at surface, talk to them; do not pull
5. Brief HSE-trained rescue on arrival
Jason May Site supervisor on duty First aid kit, water, blanket (warmth), comms (mobile), gas monitor 999 (Fire & Rescue, Ambulance) → Aaron Mason → HSE notification (RIDDOR) within 10 days APP_07 HO-04, RA_HO_04, SOP 8.4 Confined Spaces
ER-03 Fuel / oil spill on site or depot Refuelling spill, hydraulic burst, vehicle fluid leak 1. STOP source (close cap, isolate hydraulic line)
2. Contain with absorbent / sand from van pack spill kit
3. Prevent entry to drains / watercourse — block drains with absorbent boom
4. Notify Environment Agency on 0800 80 70 60 if any release to drains / watercourse
5. Document for incident log
Jason May Operative on duty Spill kit (every van — HS_FM_06), absorbent granules, drain blockers, hazardous-waste bags, gloves Internal: WhatsApp + Aaron Mason; External: Environment Agency 0800 80 70 60 if release APP_07 HO-14, APP_06 Ref 3, COSHH_22/23/24
ER-04 Chlorine / chemical exposure (water-treatment chemicals) Operative exposed during chlorination / disinfection 1. Move operative to fresh air immediately
2. Eye wash (5 min minimum) if eye contact; saline (COSHH_21)
3. Skin: rinse 15 min with water; remove contaminated PPE
4. Inhalation / breathing difficulty: 999 ambulance
5. SDS to medical team if hospital attendance needed
Operative on duty (self/buddy) Site supervisor, first aider First aid kit (every van), saline eye-wash (COSHH_21), burn gel (COSHH_13), SDS pack 999 ambulance if breathing affected; NHS 111 otherwise; Sean Ashton notify within 24 hrs; RIDDOR if >7-day incapacity COSHH_04, COSHH_07, SOP 8.5
ER-05 Petrol / benzene exposure (fuel handling) Petrol spill on skin / clothing, inhalation in confined area 1. Move to fresh air
2. Remove petrol-soaked clothing immediately (Cat 1A carcinogen — COSHH_23)
3. Skin: wash with soap + water 15 min
4. Eye: irrigate 15 min
5. Document exposure for EH70 health-surveillance log even if no acute symptoms
Operative (self/buddy) Site supervisor, Sean Ashton First aid kit, eye-wash, replacement coveralls in van, hazardous-waste bag for contaminated PPE 999 if breathing / unconscious; Sean Ashton within 24 hrs for surveillance record; Aaron Mason same day COSHH_23, APP_05 R-06 Benzene, APP_07 HO-18
ER-06 Vehicle / plant breakdown on highway Grab lorry or van immobilised on live road 1. Hazard lights ON; engine off if safe
2. Triangle 45m behind (motorway: only if hard shoulder is safe)
3. Driver + passengers exit to safe side of barrier
4. Wear hi-vis
5. Call recovery (telematics-linked); call police if obstructing carriageway
Driver Aaron Mason (recovery coordination) Hi-vis vest (every cab), warning triangle, mobile phone, recovery card Recovery contractor → Police 101 (non-emergency) or 999 if obstructing → Aaron Mason → client framework if delivery affected APP_07 HO-12, RA_HO_12, SOP 8.13
ER-07 Lone-worker emergency (no buddy present) Lone worker injured / unresponsive / threatened 1. Lone-worker app: trigger SOS
2. If conscious + safe: call 999 directly
3. Buddy / supervisor check-in protocol activates if no response by check time
4. Aaron / Jason dispatch nearest team / call emergency services
Lone worker (self) Aaron Mason or Jason May (whoever is on-call) Lone-worker app (Reflex or equivalent), mobile phone, first aid kit in van App SOS → emergency contacts auto-notified → 999 if no response → Aaron Mason APP_07 HO-04, APP_07 HO-18, RA_HO_04, SOP 8.8
ER-08 Fire — site or office Smoke / flame at site (fuel, tools, vehicle) or office 1. Raise alarm — shout / break-glass / mobile to other staff
2. Evacuate everyone to muster point
3. Call 999 (Fire)
4. Use extinguisher ONLY if trained + safe to do so + fire is small + escape route clear
5. Roll call at muster
Fire Marshal on duty / Site Supervisor All staff Fire extinguishers (CO₂, dry powder — van + office), fire blanket, alarm systems 999 Fire → Aaron Mason → office: muster outside; site: muster well clear of operations APP_07 HO-06, HO-17, RA_HO_06, RA_HO_17, POL_HSQE_06
ER-09 Medical emergency — operative Heart attack, severe bleed, broken bone, unconsciousness 1. Call 999 immediately
2. Primary survey: airway / breathing / circulation
3. Trained first aider takes lead — basic life support if needed
4. Other staff: clear access route for ambulance; control area
5. Notify next of kin via Aaron Mason
Trained first aider on site Site supervisor, operatives First aid kit (every van), AED if available at site, blanket, water 999 Ambulance → Aaron Mason → next of kin → Sean Ashton for RIDDOR if >7-day incapacity or specified injury APP_07 HO-16, RA_HO_16, POL_HSQE_07
ER-10 Major water-main burst / unplanned customer supply loss Catastrophic pipe failure during AMWS works; large geographic supply loss 1. Make excavation safe; isolate water if possible
2. Notify client water-co duty engineer (24/7 line)
3. Establish customer-supply mitigation: bottled water / tanker support
4. Activate AMWS BCP if AMWS site is unworkable
5. Document for incident log + client reporting under Water (Special Measures) Act 2025 pass-through clauses
Aaron Mason Jason May (site), Leanne Mason (admin / customer liaison) Bottled water emergency stock, customer contact templates, valve keys, isolation tools Anglian 03457 145 145 / Affinity 0345 357 2399 → Aaron Mason → BCP activation if scale warrants → Customer Service notification log APP_05 R-10 Water Special Measures Act, APP_17 BCP, APP_06 Ref 1
ER-11 Cyber incident / ransomware [NEW 2026] Suspicious email, account compromise, file encryption, system lockout 1. Disconnect device from network immediately (unplug cable / disable WiFi)
2. Do NOT power down (preserves volatile evidence)
3. Do NOT pay any ransom
4. Notify Aaron Mason (IT lead) + Sean Ashton
5. External IT support (Dufeu) for containment
6. Assess personal-data impact: ICO notification within 72 hrs if breach affects personal data
Sean Ashton + Aaron Mason (IT lead) All staff (report) Spare laptop, separate communication channel (WhatsApp), Cyber Essentials guidance Aaron + Sean → Dufeu external IT → ICO 0303 123 1113 within 72 hrs if personal data affected → Action Fraud 0300 123 2040 → Client water-cos if their data affected (NIS2 / DUAA 2025) APP_05 R-02 Cyber, APP_07 HO-05, POL_HSQE_30 IT Security, NIS2 / DUAA 2025
ER-12 Extreme weather event [UPDATED 2026] Storm, flood, prolonged heat, deep freeze affecting operations 1. Daily weather check at standing morning brief
2. STOP work where wind > 30 mph (excavation / lifting), thunderstorm overhead, or operative welfare at risk (heat / cold)
3. Site closure decision: Jason May with Aaron Mason concurrence
4. Equipment / vehicles secured against wind / flood
5. Notify client of any planned-works impact
6. Activate APP_17 BCP if office or depot unusable
Jason May (site) + Aaron Mason (escalation) All site teams Pumping equipment (van pack), additional PPE (waterproofs, sun cream, hi-vis), depot grit bins, generator if power affected Met Office warnings → daily brief → WhatsApp cascade for site closure → client framework manager if delivery affected → BCP if BCP-relevant APP_07 HO-18, APP_06 Ref 13 Climate Adaptation, APP_17 BCP, APP_05 R-20 Climate

3.1 Scenario mapping — when Tier 1 escalates to Tier 2 (APP_17 BCP)

The same table appears in APP_17 §10.1. It shows the four APP_16 scenarios that can escalate into the BCP, the BCP section they land in, and the trigger.

APP_16 scenario APP_17 BCP scenario Escalation trigger
ER-08 Fire (site / office) §3.4 External Factors — Premises Office unusable for > 24 h
ER-10 Major water-main burst §3.3 Operational Disruption Multi-day client-SLA breach
ER-11 Cyber [NEW 2026] §3.1 Technology Disruption Systems unrecoverable in 4 h or personal-data breach (ICO 72-hr)
ER-12 Extreme weather [UPDATED 2026] §3.4 External Factors Yard inaccessible > 24 h or multi-day power loss
(Multiple) Key-person absence §3.2 Personnel Unavailability > 5 working days for a Director or sole supervisor

4. Testing Programme & Records

The programme runs on a rolling cadence — toolbox talks, desktop exercises, practical walk-throughs and office tests — with at least one activity per month. Real incidents managed within scope of these scenarios are logged in Section 6.

Date Type Scenario Participants Outcome Learning Points
Q1 2025
08/01/2025 Toolbox Talk Service strike procedures — review after near-miss Morning shift (7) Satisfactory Reinforced importance of CAT scanning every excavation
22/01/2025 Office Test Power cut response — Northampton office Office staff (3) Pass UPS systems for servers working; phones stayed operational
05/02/2025 Discussion Customer-confrontation de-escalation Site teams (informal) Good feedback Agreed always work in pairs in difficult areas
19/02/2025 Desktop Review Major water-main burst — Billing Road scenario Aaron, Jason Completed Updated emergency stock locations list
03/03/2025 Toolbox Talk Working near schools — safeguarding awareness All operatives Well received Reporting procedures understood
14/03/2025 Practical First aid — cuts and abrasions Selected operatives (5) Pass First aid kits checked and restocked
Q2 2025
11/04/2025 Discussion Discovering unexpected services (unmapped) Team briefing Good engagement Shared experiences from Duston area
24/04/2025 Communication Test WhatsApp cascade — bank holiday Available staff 90% response Some on holiday as expected
07/05/2025 Toolbox Talk Manual handling refresher Morning teams Completed Demonstrated proper lifting for kerb stones
20/05/2025 Office Test IT system failure response Leanne, admin team Managed well Cloud backup access confirmed working
04/06/2025 Practical Vehicle breakdown procedure — M1 motorway Grab drivers (4) Good understanding Recovery contact details verified
18/06/2025 Review Meeting Summer weather preparations Management Plans agreed Sun cream and water supplies ordered
Q3 2025
09/07/2025 Toolbox Talk Excavation safety — edge protection Site teams (9) Well attended Discussed recent HSE bulletin on excavations
23/07/2025 Practical Walk-through Fuel spill response at depot Jason, 2 operatives Satisfactory Identified need for more absorbent granules
06/08/2025 Discussion Aggressive dog encounters on site All field staff Useful session Shared tips for dealing with dogs at properties
21/08/2025 Desktop Exercise Environmental incident — silt in watercourse Aaron, Sean (HSQE) Completed EA notification procedures confirmed
04/09/2025 Office Test Fire alarm test (scheduled) All Northampton staff Evacuated in 2.5 mins Fire drills confirmed up to date
17/09/2025 Toolbox Talk Asbestos awareness — old pipe lagging Mains teams (8) Good awareness Stop-work-and-report drill
Q4 2025
02/10/2025 Discussion Winter preparation planning Supervisors meeting Action list created Grit bins ordered; cold-weather PPE checked
10/10/2025 Practical Review Emergency lighting check — depot and office Jason, maintenance All working Two emergency lights replaced as precaution
15/10/2025 Toolbox Talk Slips, trips and falls — darker mornings All available (12) Timely reminder Head torches issued to those needing them
18/10/2025 Communication Emergency contact list review Leanne (Admin) Updated Three mobile numbers changed; list redistributed
23/10/2025 Desktop Discussion Anglian Water major incident — support-request scenario Aaron, Jason Scenarios discussed Confirmed capability to provide emergency tanker support
08/11/2025 Toolbox Talk Working in wet conditions All teams Completed Waterproofs check; site-drainage awareness
22/11/2025 Office Test Building security — intruder response Office staff Completed Door-entry codes refreshed
05/12/2025 Annual Review Emergency preparedness assessment Directors + HSQE Completed 2025 cycle closed; 2026 programme drafted
19/12/2025 Practical Winter driving assessment Selected drivers Pass All drivers confident in protocol; tyre-tread checks done
Q1 2026
07/01/2026 Toolbox Talk Winter driving + cold-weather working All operatives Completed PPE check: hi-vis, gloves, base layers; reminded of black-ice protocol
14/01/2026 Office Test Fire alarm — scheduled annual test All Northampton staff Pass — evacuated in 2.8 mins Drill confirmed; one alarm-point sensor replaced post-test
22/01/2026 Discussion Review of Sept 2025 customer-escalation incident Aaron, Jason Lessons documented Customer-communication template drafted for difficult-area work
04/02/2026 Toolbox Talk Lone-working refresher (RA_HO_04) Field staff Good engagement Buddy check-in protocol re-stated; app SOS demo
17/02/2026 Communication Test WhatsApp cascade — weekday test All staff 100% response within 1 hr Good — Jan-update list working
03/03/2026 Practical Van pack inspection — first aid + spill kits All vans + office Refreshed where due 2 first-aid kits restocked; spill-kit absorbent topped up
18/03/2026 Desktop Review Major water-main burst contingency (Anglian framework area) Aaron, Jason Completed Emergency stock locations confirmed; tanker contacts current
Q2 2026
02/04/2026 Toolbox Talk Manual-handling refresher (spring) Morning teams Completed Kerb-stones lift demo; rotation reinforced
16/04/2026 Supplier Review APP_19 Annual SAR refresh Leanne Mason All then-active suppliers reviewed and rated Excellent APP_19 Issue 4 issued; register migrated to HTML format at Issue 7 / 19/05/2026 following the IA cycle proportionality review
24/04/2026 Practical Walk-through Fuel-spill response drill at depot Jason + 2 operatives Pass Spill-kit usage refreshed; absorbent stocks topped up
04/05/2026 Policy Issuance POL_HSQE_29 Mental Health + POL_HSQE_30 IT Security issued Sean Ashton Briefed at standing weekly call Both policies live on portal; cyber posture aligned to NIS2/DUAA 2025
04/05/2026 Risk Assessment RA_HO_18 Fatigue Management issued (new RA) Sean Ashton Created from Fatigue gap-closure Linked to SOP 8.13, SOP 8.10; APP_07 HO-18 added
12/05/2026 Toolbox Talk Excavation safety (priority brief 1 of 3) Site teams Completed Reinforced HSE bulletin; APP_07 HO-04 alignment
12/05/2026 Performance Metric 2025 Carbon Baseline published (CARB_BASELINE_2025) Sean Ashton 288.7 tCO₂e Scope 1+2 Diesel 97% of footprint; APP_11 E3 KPI reflects live data
26/05/2026 BCP Desktop Exercise Key-person absence — Site Supervisor (Jason May) unavailable for 5+ working days (APP_17 §4 Scenario #3) Leanne Mason (remote) + Sean Ashton Completed — no issues raised; deputising arrangement confirmed effective Aaron deputised as Site Supervisor for morning briefings, site visits and RAMS approvals; operatives confirmed manageable reporting line direct to Aaron. Mirrored in APP_17 §6.2; closes CAR-2026-005
Scheduled — remainder of cycle
19/05/2026 Toolbox Talk HAVS awareness (priority brief 2 of 3) Field operatives Planned
26/05/2026 Toolbox Talk COSHH refresh (priority brief 3 of 3) All operatives Planned
31/07/2026 Onyx Operations form validation AMWS H&S Culture Survey — live form configuration validated [Q3 2026] Sean Ashton Planned Director Site-Tour Programme retired; AMWS H&S Culture Survey rollout starts
31/08/2026 Onyx Operations first cycle First AMWS H&S Culture Survey cycle issued to all staff Leanne Mason Planned Response rate target ≥ 75%
03-04/06/2026 External Audit Achilles UVDB Verify Category B2 audit All AMWS Planned

Types of Emergency Preparedness Activity

  • Toolbox Talks — 10-15 minute briefings during team huddles; reactive to current conditions or near-misses.
  • Desktop Exercises / Reviews — management "what if" scenarios; documented.
  • Practical Walk-throughs — hands-on activities incorporated into normal work routines (kit checks, drill rehearsals).
  • Office Tests — IT failures, power cuts, fire alarms, security incidents.
  • Communication Tests — WhatsApp cascade, contact-list verification.

5. Performance Summary

Metric Target 2025 Actual 2026 YTD (to 13/05/2026) Status
Emergency preparedness activities ≥ Monthly 26 completed 15 completed + 4 scheduled 🟢 On track
Communication test response rate > 75% 90% average 100% (Feb test) 🟢 Good
Staff engagement Good participation High High 🟢 Positive
Real incidents requiring emergency response Monitor only 4 minor 0 to date 🟢 Well managed

6. Real Incidents Managed

2025

  1. February 2025 — BT cable strike in Kingsthorpe — no service disruption; BT attended same day.
  2. May 2025 — Customer water supply interrupted during valve work — bottled water provided within 30 minutes.
  3. July 2025 — Minor hydraulic oil leak from grab lorry — contained immediately; no environmental impact.
  4. September 2025 — Resident complaint about noise escalated to threats — police informed; work completed safely with police awareness.

2026 YTD

  • None to date (13/05/2026). Any 2026 incident will be logged here with the same depth as the 2025 entries.

7. Key Emergency Contacts

Internal

  • Aaron Mason (Managing Director) — mobile
  • Jason May (Supervisor) — mobile
  • Leanne Mason (Director — Admin) — mobile
  • Office — 01604 763641
  • Out of hours — via WhatsApp group

Utility emergency lines

  • Anglian Water Operations — 03457 145 145
  • Affinity Water — 0345 357 2399
  • Cadent Gas Emergency — 0800 111 999
  • UK Power Networks — 0800 31 63 105
  • BT Openreach (damage) — 0800 023 2023

Statutory & emergency services

  • Emergency services — 999
  • Police (non-emergency) — 101
  • Environment Agency (pollution incident) — 0800 80 70 60
  • HSE (incident reporting) — 0345 300 9923
  • ICO (data-breach notification) [NEW 2026] — 0303 123 1113
  • Action Fraud (cyber) [NEW 2026] — 0300 123 2040

8. Office Emergency Arrangements

Northampton headquarters has documented procedures for:

  • Fire evacuation (drills current per Section 4 testing log)
  • Power failure (UPS systems tested 22/01/2025, retested 14/01/2026)
  • IT system failure (cloud backup tested 20/05/2025; cyber posture refresh under POL_HSQE_30)
  • Security incidents (procedures reviewed 22/11/2025)
  • Severe weather affecting office access (escalation route into APP_17 BCP)

9. Continuous Improvement — Key Learning Points

What's Working Well

  • Informal toolbox talks during morning briefings get better engagement than formal sessions
  • "What if" desktop reviews surface practical gaps before they become real incidents
  • Opportunistic tests (e.g. real power cut) provide more realistic practice than scheduled drills
  • WhatsApp cascade ensures rapid communication; tested at 90-100% response rate
  • Simple, memorisable procedures favoured over compliance theatre

Continuous Improvement Carried into 2026

  • Emergency kit checks now part of van inspection routine (since Mar 2026)
  • Contact lists updated monthly by admin team (Leanne Mason)
  • New starters receive emergency briefing as part of induction
  • Lessons from other water-co incidents (e.g. Southern Water 2024 cyber) discussed at toolbox talks
  • Cyber-incident scenario [NEW 2026] added to matrix following risk reframe (APP_05 R-02)
  • Climate-adaptation scenario [UPDATED 2026] reflects new APP_06 Aspect 13

10. Evidence of Preparedness

Beyond the matrix and testing programme, AMWS demonstrates preparedness through:

  • Toolbox talk attendance records (Leanne Mason — admin records)
  • WhatsApp group message history showing cascade tests
  • Equipment check sheets in APP_14 Calibration & Equipment Maintenance Log
  • Real incident responses handled successfully (Section 6)
  • Meeting minutes referencing emergency preparedness discussions
  • Updated emergency contact lists (refreshed 18/10/2025 + monthly thereafter)
  • Current insurance documentation
  • Valid first aid certificates for designated staff (tracked via APP_13 Tickets & Qualifications)

Audit trail

Issue Date Approved By Summary
1 01/06/2024 Aaron Mason, Director Initial issue.
2 01/06/2025 Aaron Mason, Director Annual review — 2025 testing programme started; performance metrics added.
3 01/06/2026 Aaron Mason, Director Major restructure. Title now matches content: explicit 12-scenario Response Matrix added as Section 3 (Lead role, Immediate Actions, Equipment, Communication Chain, Cross-references per scenario). 2 new scenarios added: ER-11 Cyber incident [NEW 2026] (NIS2 / DUAA 2025 alignment; ICO 72-hr notification protocol) and ER-12 Extreme Weather [UPDATED 2026] (escalation route into APP_17 BCP, links to APP_06 Aspect 13 Climate Adaptation). 2025 testing log preserved verbatim (26 entries Q1-Q4) as evidence of ongoing programme. 2026 YTD testing log added — 15 completed entries Jan-May 2026 + 4 scheduled for May-June (incl. 28/05 BCP desktop exercise — P1 gap-closure). Performance Summary refreshed from "Year to October 2025" snapshot to rolling 2025-actual + 2026-YTD comparison. Real Incidents Managed section now 2025 + 2026 YTD structure. Emergency contacts expanded for ICO + Action Fraud (cyber). APPL_16 Excel master created in IMS Excel Conversions/ (previously docs-only). Cross-references re-linked to live portal pages.

This document forms part of A M Water Services Limited's Integrated Management System. Paper copies are uncontrolled when printed.

How this document is approved

This document is maintained under AMWS's continuous-compliance model. Substantive revisions are reviewed and signed off by the Directors at the standing weekly Director / HSQE compliance call (Sean Ashton, Onyx + Leanne Mason). Currency, cross-references and minor edits are checked at the monthly Onyx site visit. The annual Management Review (September) provides the strategic-level confirmation. Compliance is therefore continuous, not gated on a single annual meeting.